ࡱ> TVQRS5@ Ybjbj22 (ZXXƕ&&&:\\\\^<:_2$b$b$b$b)e)e)e02222229RR29&ld)ell2$b$bkkl8$b&$b0l0ˆb$&$b_ 0\hV40.8X::&)e(Qgh<j)e)e)e22::Z\::\SCHEME OF EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF M. Sc. MICROBIOLOGY (SEMESTER SYSTEM) MARKS DISTRIBUTION PART A I, II and III Semester Theory Each semester with 04 Max. Marks Min. Marks Min. Aggr. Compulsory theory 40 each paper 14 each paper for passing papers (Total-160) 58 Practicals 80 36 36 Sessionals 20  Internal assessment Written Test 30 10 14 Attendance 10 03 ______________________________________________________________________ TOTAL 300 PART B IV Semester Dissertation Max. Marks Min. Aggr. Passing A. Valuation (i) Language and presentation 50 (ii) Review of Literature 50 72 (iii) Methodology 50 (iv) Analysis & Interpretation of results 50 B. Viva-Voce 100 36 ______________________________________________________________________ TOTAL 300 PROPOSED SYLLABUS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE (SESSION : 2009-10) SUBJECT - MICROBIOLOOGY SEMESTER-FIRST COURSE NO.-1 MM 40 MYCOLOGY UNIT-I History and Development of Mycology in India. Status of fungi in the living world, general features of fungi and fungus like organisms; recent trends in the classification of fungi; physiology and growth of fungi; nutritional and environmental factors affecting growth; saprotrophs, parasites and Mutualistic symbionts; physiology of reproduction in fungi, phylogeny of fungi. UNIT-II Fungal Diversity-major taxonomic groups, structure, reproduction, life cycle and significance of the following representatives: (i) Gymnomycota- General account- Cellular slime moulds (Dictyostelium), plasmodial slime moulds (Myxomycetes). (ii) Mastigomycota- Coelomomyces, Lagenidium, Achlya, Phytophthora, Peronospora, Plasmodiophora. (iii) Amastigomycota- Zygomycotina- Mucor, Syncephalastrum, Blakeslea, Cunninghamella, Entomophthora. UNIT-III Structure, reproduction, life cycle and significance of the following representatives; Ascomycotina- Taphrina, Emericella, Chaetomium, Morchella, Neurospora, Claviceps, Erysiphe. Basidiomycotina- Puccinia, Melampsora, Ustilago, Polyporus, Lycoperdon, Ganoderma. Deuteromycotina- Fusarium, Cercospora, Curvularia, Beauveria, Microsporum, Phoma, Collectotrichum. UNIT-IV Fungal Genetics: Life cycle and sexual process in fungi; Structure and organization of fungal genomes (mitochondrial genes, plasmids and transposable elements, virus and viral genes). Genetic variations in fungi- Nonsexual variations- haploidy, heterokaryosis, parasexuality; sexual variations- Mating or breeding systems- homothallism and heterothallism, Mutation, physiological specialization; strain improvement. UNIT-V Fungi and Biotechnology Production of alcoholic beverages, antibiotics, organic acids, ergot alkaloids; The cultivation of fungi for food- Mushrooms, mycoprotein and mycofoods; Role of fungi in agriculture and forestry- Mycorrhizae and their application, mycopesticides, mycotoxins, conservation of fungal germplasm. RECOMMENDED BOOKS: Dubey, H.C. (2005) 3rd Edition. Text book of fungi. Vikas Publishing House. Johri, R.M., Snehlata, K.,Tyagi (2005) 1st Edition. A Textbook of Fungi (Vol. I & II). Dominant Publisher and Distributors. Mehrotra, R.S. & K. R. Aneja (2003). An Introduction to Mycology. New Age International (P) Ltd. Vashishta, B.R., (2002) 9th Edition.Botany for degree students Fungi. S. Chand and Co. Alexopoulos, C.J., C.W. Mims, M. Blackwell (1996) 4th Edition. Introductory Mycology. John Wiley and sons. WEBSITES:  HYPERLINK "http://www.bio.net" www.bio.net  HYPERLINK "http://www.microbiologybytes.com" www.microbiologybytes.com  HYPERLINK "http://www.mycology.adelaide.edu.au" www.mycology.adelaide.edu.au  HYPERLINK "http://www.micro.msb.le.ac.uk" www.micro.msb.le.ac.uk LIST OF PRACTICALS To measure the size of fungal spores with the help of micrometery. To study the given fungal material by drawing the figure using camera lucida. Identification of given fungal culture ( Mucor , Phytophthora , Peronospora, Saccharomyces , Chaetomium, Puccinia, Ustilago, Fusarium , Cercospora , Curvularia , Colletotrichum , Aspergillus , Penicillium , Beauveria , Alternaria , Cunninghamella ). Isolation of fungi from agriculture and forest land. To isolate Keratinophilic fungi from soil. To isolate yeast from soil and other natural habitat . To isolate entomopathogenic fungi. Isolation of phytopathogenic fungi and identification . To prepare mushroom spawn for mushroom cultivation. To study fungal growth by colony diameter method. M.Sc. MICROBIOLOOGY SEMESTER-FIRST COURSE NO.-II VIROLOGY MM 40 UNIT-I General Virology History and development of virology, origin, distinctive properties , ultra structure and chemistry of viruses. Virus related agents (viroids, prions, virusoids), Significance of viruses. UNIT-II General methods for isolation, identification, characterization and cultivation of viruses: Methodology for isolation, Adsorption, One step growth and burst size of virus. Determination of titre value. Isolation of phage resistant strain. Cultivation and maintenance of plant, animal, bacterial and cyanobacterial viruses. Identification of virus by physical, chemical and serological techniques. UNIT-III Bacterial and Cyanobacterial Viruses Structure and multiplication of lytic and lysogenic bacteriophage. Significance of lysogeny .Brief account of M13, Mu, T4 and . History, structure, genetics and life cycle of cyanophages. Significance of bacteriophages and cyanophages. UNIT-IV Plant Viruses Classification and nomenclature, structure and multiplication of plant viruses with special reference to TMV and Cauliflower mosaic virus . Effect of viruses on plants. Some common viral diseases of plants ( TMV, CMV, Leaf curl of Papaya). Transmission of plant viruses and control of viral diseases of plants. UNIT-V Animal Viruses Classification and nomenclature of animal and human viruses. Brief account of Adeno, Herpes Hepatitis, HIV, Picorna and other oncogenic viruses. Prevention, treatment and control of viral diseases. Viral vaccines including DNA vaccines and Interferons. RECOMMENDED BOOKS: Levy, J.A., H.F. Conrat and R.A. Owens (1994) 3rd edition. Virology, Prentice Hall. Flint, S.J., L.W. Enquist, R.M. Krug, V.R. Racaniello and A.M. Skalka (2000). Principles of Virology, ASM Press. Wagner, E.K. and M.J.Hewlett (1999). Basic virology, Blackwell Science, Inc. Biswas and Biswas - Virology K.C.Sawant-Virology WEBSITES:  HYPERLINK "http://www.rockwoodk12.mo.us" www.rockwoodk12.mo.us  HYPERLINK "http://www.bibl.biol.lu.se" www.bibl.biol.lu.se  HYPERLINK "http://www.mansfield.osu.edu" www.mansfield.osu.edu LIST OF PRACTICALS Isolation of cyanophage from water sample. Isolation of bateriophage. Estimation of protein in a cyanobacterial culture infected by cynophage. Estimation of chlorophyll from cyanobacterial culture. Demonstration of ELISA Kit. To study Viral diseases of plants. Sucrose density gradient technique for isolation of viruses. M.Sc. MICROBIOLOOGY SEMESTER-FIRST COURSE NO.-III BACTERIOLOGY MM 40 UNIT-I History, Scope and development of Bacteriology, Sterilization, Isolation, Enrichment, Pure Culture and Staining Techniques. Systematic study of bacteria: Morphological, Physiological, Biochemical, Serological studies and Genetic characterization. Identification and classification chart. UNIT-II Habitat, Structure, Reproduction and classification of Bacteria, Actinomycetes, Mycoplasma, Rickettsiae, Chlamydiae and their significance UNIT-III The photosynthetic bacteria: cyanobacteria, green bacteria, halobacteria and their economic importance. Methanogenic bacteria and their significance. Chemoautotrophs and Methylotrophs: Nitrifying bacteria, Sulphur oxidizers, Iron bacteria, Hydrogen bacteria and their economic importance. UNIT-IV Enterobacteriaceae and related organisms: morphological and physiological characters, genetic interrelationship, taxonomic subdivisions and their importance in human health. Myxobacteria, cytophaga group, filamentous and gliding chemoheterotrophs and filamentous sulphur oxidizing bacteria. UNIT-V Gram positive spore forming bacteria: Unicellular endospore formers- Bacillus and Clostridium. Miscellaneous bacteria: Lactic acid bacteria, Micrococci, Corynebacteria and Mycobacteria. RECOMMENDED BOOKS: Salle, A.J. (2003). Fundamental Principles of Bacteriology, Tata McGraw Hill. Powar, C.B. and H.F. Daginawala (2003) 2nd edition. General Microbiology, Himalaya Publishing House. Stanier, R.Y., J.L. Ingraham, M.L. Wheelis and P.R. Painter (1987) 5th edition. General Microbiology, Macmillan Press Ltd. Schlegel, H.G. (2002) 7th edition. General Microbiology, Cambridge University Press. Bhattacharjee, S. (2005) 1st edition. Bacteriology, Dominant Publishers. Madigan, M.T., J.M. Martinko and J. Parker (2000) 9th edition. Brock Biology of Microorganisms, Prentice Hall. WEBSITES:  HYPERLINK "http://www.naexamhelp.com" www.naexamhelp.com  HYPERLINK "http://www.rockwoodk12.mo.us" www.rockwoodk12.mo.us  HYPERLINK "http://www.bibl.biol.lu.se" www.bibl.biol.lu.se  HYPERLINK "http://www.mansfield.osu.edu" www.mansfield.osu.edu LIST OF PRACTICALS To isolate bacteria from different sources such as curd , soil and water. To stain the bacterial culture using Grams stain. To stain the bacterial capsule using Manevals stain. To stain the bacterial cell wall by Ringen et. al., method. To stain the endospore. To stain flagella. Staining of Spirochaete by Fontana method. To perform Indole Test. To perform MR Test. To determine the presence of enzyme catalase. To perform VP test To determine Citrate uptake by the given bacterial culture. To study gelatin liquefaction by the given bacteria. Te determine the fermentation of carbohydrate with gas/ H2S production (TSI Test). Isolation of Vibrio on TCBS agar medium. Isolation of Salmonella on XLD agar medium. Isolation of Klebsiella on MacConkey agar medium. Isolation of E.coli on EMB agar medium. Sanitary analysis of water. M.Sc. MICROBIOLOGY SEMESTER-FIRST COURSE No. IV MICROBIAL BIOCHEMISTRY MM 40 UNIT-I Structure of water and its solvent properties. Acid, base, pH and buffers. Free energy and spontaneity of reactions. ATP and other phosphorylated compounds with their free energy of hydrolysis, Phosphoryl group transfer, biological oxidation-reduction reactions, coupled reaction and oxidative phosphorylation: inhibitors and uncouplers. UNIT-II Enzyme classification, specificity, active site. Enzyme kinetics- Michaelis-Menton equation, determination of kinetic parameters. Bisubstrate reaction and their kinetics. Enzyme inhibition and kinetics. Allosteric enzyme: kinetics and allosteric regulation. UNIT-III Structure and chemistry of macromolecules: proteins, carbohydrates and lipids. Protein folding. Structure and chemistry of biomolecules such as antibiotics, pigments; vitamins as coenzymes. Lipid analysis by GLC and mass spectrometry. Oligosaccharide and polysaccharide analysis. UNIT-IV Biosignaling- Molecular mechanism of signal transduction. Gated ion channels-the nicotinic acetyl choline receptor, receptor enzyme- the insulin receptor. G proteins and cyclic AMP. Membrane transport- Biomembrane, nutrient transport across membranes, active and passive diffusion, symport, antiport, uniport, Na+ K+ pumps and their metabolic significance. UNIT- V Chromatographic techniques- Paper, TLC, gel filteration, ion exchange, affinity. SDS-PAGE, isoelectric focusing, western blotting, HPLC, Protein sequencing, mass spectrometry, MALDI-MS. RECOMMENDED BOOKS Jain, J.L., S. Jain and N. Jain (2005) 6th Edition. Fundamental of Biochemistry. S. Chand and Co. Nelson, D.L. and M.M. Cox (2001) 3rd Edition. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, Macmillan worth Publisher. Murray, R.K., D.K. Granner, P.A. Mayes and V.W. Rodwell (2003) 26th Edition. Harpers llustrated biochemistry. McGraw Hill Publisher. Berg, J.M., J.L. Tymoczko and L. Stryer (2002) 5th edition. Biochemistry, W.H. Freeman and Company. Abeles, R.H., P.A. Frey and W.P. Jencks (1992). Biochemistry, Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Das, H.K. (2005) 2nd Edition. Textbook of Biotechnology, Wiley Dreamtech Pvt. Ltd. Horton, H.R., L.A. Moran, R.S. Ochs, J.D. Rawn and K.G. Scrimgeour.Principles of Biochemistry, Prentice Hall. Powar and Chatwal - Biochemistry WEBSITES:  HYPERLINK "http://www.biochem.wisc.edu" www.biochem.wisc.edu  HYPERLINK "http://www.biochemistry.iu.edu" www.biochemistry.iu.edu  HYPERLINK "http://www.mun.ca" www.mun.ca  HYPERLINK "http://www.his.ulas.edu.au" www.his.ulas.edu.au LIST OF PRACTICALS To prepare Molar and Normal solution of sodium chloride and to determine the void volume. To study the reactions of monosaccharide. To study the reactions of disaccharide To study the reactions of polysaccharide. To determine the presence of carbohydrate in given unknown sample. To plot the standard curve of glucose using Anthrones reagent. To prepare phosphate buffer of 0.1 ml of pH 9.2 , 7.2 , 5.4 . To study the effect of substrate inhibition. To plot the standard curve of protein using Lowrys method. Fermentation process using carbohydrate. Demonstration of HPLC for different compounds. PROPOSED SYLLABUS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE (SESSION : 2007-08) SUBJECT - MICROBIOLOGY SEMESTER-SECOND COURSE No. V MOLECULAR BIOLOGY MM 40 UNIT-I Nucleic acid as genetic information carriers: Experimental evidence, DNA structure, Melting of DNA, Superhelicity in DNA, Linking number and topological properties. DNA replication: general principles, various modes of replication, properties of prokaryotic DNA polymerases, proofreading, continuous and discontinuous synthesis, asymmetric and dimeric nature of DNA polymerase III, Simultaneous synthesis of leading and lagging strands, exonuclease activity, Eukaryotic DNA polymerases, Mechanism of action of Topoisomerases. UNIT-II Initiation of replication, Construction of replication fork in test-tube. Retroviruses and their unique mode of DNA synthesis. Relationship between replication and cell cycle in prokaryotes. Inhibitors of DNA replication (blocking precursor synthesis, nucleotide polymerization and altering DNA structure). UNIT-III Transcription: general principles, basic apparatus, Types of RNA polymerase. Steps: initiation, elongation and termination, Inhibitors of RNA synthesis, Polycistronic and Monocistronic RNAs, Control of transcription by interaction between RNA polymerases and promoter regions, use of alternate sigma factors.Regulation of rRNA and tRNA synthesis, Maturation and Processing of RNA: methylation, cutting and trimming of rRNA, capping, polyadenylation and splicing of mRNA, cutting and modification of tRNA, Catalytic RNA, group I and II splicing, RNase P. UNIT-IV Mechanism of protein synthesis and gene expression in prokaryotes: Induction and repression, Operon concept, Regulatory and structural genes, Operator, Promoter, Repressor and co-repressor, catabolite repression, cyclic AMP, CRP/CAP protein, Regulation of lactose, tryptophan, histidine and arabinose operons, Attenuation regulation. Gene expression in Eukaryotes: Britten Davidsons model of regulation, involvement of HCP, NHCP and Hormones, Regulation by N proteins and nut sites in DNA binding proteins, enhancer sequences and control of transcription, Global regulatory responses: heat shock response, stringent response and regulation by small molecules such as ppGpp UNIT-V Basic principles of gene cloning, genomic libraries, vectors, Strategies of gene cloning using DNA or cDNA inserts, gene expression in recombinants, Screening method for recombinant clones, Important molecular techniques like RFLP, DNA sequencing, gene amplification (PCR) and probe hybridization RECOMMENDED BOOKS: Das, H.K. (2005) 2nd Edition. Textbook of Biotechnology, Wiley Dreamtech Pvt. Ltd. Karp G. (2005). Cell & Molecular Biology- Concepts and Experiments, 4thEdition; John Wiley and Sons, Inc. USA. Gupta, P.K. (2003) 2nd edition. Cell and Molecular Biology, Rastogi Publications. Kumar, H.D. (2004) 2nd edition. Molecular Biology, Vikas Publishing House Pvt Ltd. Singh, B.D. (2006) 1st Edition. Biotechnology, Kalyani Publisher. Joshi, P. (2004) 2nd edition. Genetic Engineering and its Application, Agrobios (India). WEBSITES:  HYPERLINK "http://www.amazon.co.uk" www.amazon.co.uk  HYPERLINK "http://www.ams.org" www.ams.org  HYPERLINK "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov" www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov  HYPERLINK "http://www.isihighlycited.com" www.isihighlycited.com LIST OF PRACTICALS: To isolate crude DNA from plant and microorganisms. Estimation of DNA concentration in a sample using spectrophotometer. DNA electrophoresis and visualization of bands. Estimation of molecular size of DNA using standard markers by PCR. Isolation of Streptomycin resistant strain. To analyse the effect of UV on bacterial growth and plot the death curve. SDSPAGE and Gel Documentation system by using Gel Imaging software. M.Sc. MICROBIOLOOGY SEMESTER-SECOND COURSE NO.-VI BIOSTATISTICS AND COMPUTER APPLICATIONS MM 40 UNIT I Importance and scope of statistics in biochemical experimentation; Elements of Probability- Mathematical, Statistical and Axiomatic definitions. Addition and Multiplication theorems; Probability distribution functions- Binomial, Poisson and Normal; Area under normal distribution curve. UNIT II Measures of central tendency: Arithmetic, Geometric and Harmonic means; Measures of dispersion: Range, Quartile deviation, Variance, Standard deviation, Coefficient of variation; Confidence limits of population mean; Tests of significance- Hypotheses and Errors; Student t-statistics- population mean equals a specified value, equality of two independent means (equal and unequal variance), Equality of two means (paired samples). UNIT III Analysis of Variance: One-way analysis (sample size equal and unequal), Completely randomized design; Two-way analysis (one observation per cell), Randomized block design; Multiple comparison- Least Significant Difference, Duncans New Multiple Range test; Analysis of Covariance (One-way analysis); Introduction to 2n Factorial design. UNIT IV Linear Regression: Regression diagram and equation, regression coefficient, standard error, significant tests, prediction of dependent variable from the independent variable; Linear Correlation- scatter diagram, correlation coefficient, standard error, significance tests; Relationship between regression and correlation; Non-parametric tests- Chi-square statistics, test of goodness of fit, test of independence of attributes; Probit, Logit and standard line interpolation. UNIT V Introduction to Computers: Basic architecture, Generations of computer hardware and software; Operating systems- WINDOWS and UNIX; System and Application software; Introduction to Internet- LAN, MAN, WAN, Concept of Bioinformatics; Applications of computers in Microbiology. RECOMMENDED BOOKS: Agrawal, B.L. (2006) 4th edition. Basic Statistics. New Age International (P) Limited Publishers. Daniel, W.W. (2000) 7th edition. Biostatistics: A foundation for analysis in the health Sciences, John Wiley and Sons, Inc. Glover, T. and K.Mitchell (2002). An introduction to Biostatistics, Mc Graw Hill. Agrawal, K.C. (2006). Biostatistics, Bioinformatics and Computer Applications, Nidhi Publishers. Orengo, C.A., D.T. Jones and J.M. Thornton (2004). Bioinformatics, BIOS Scientific Publishers. Freund-Modern Elementary Biostatistics WEBSITES  HYPERLINK "http://www.wpic.pitt.in" www.wpic.pitt.in  HYPERLINK "http://www.sph.umich.edu" www.sph.umich.edu  HYPERLINK "http://www.mathepi.com" www.mathepi.com  HYPERLINK "http://www.nci.edu.org" www.nci.edu.org LIST OF PRACTICALS: Developing application using word , excel , powerpoint. Developing charts / graphs using spectrophotometer based 117 software. Collecting latest information about bioinformatics using search sites ( eg. Google.com ) in internet ( information should not be less than 1000 words ). Data collection, tabulation and representation. Normal curve, approximation of binomial distribution. Demonstration of software for microphotography. Analysis of a biological population by T test. Application of analysis of variance to an experimental data pertaining to microbiology. Correlation and regression. Study of the majors of Central Tendency and dispersion. M.Sc. MICROBIOLOOGY SEMESTER-SECOND COURSE NO.-VII MICROBIAL GENETICS MM 40 UNIT-I Gene as unit of mutation and recombination. Molecular nature of mutations; Mutagens. Type of DNA damage (deamination, oxidative damage, alkylation, pyrimidine dimers). Spontaneous mutations origin.Suppression of mutation. UNIT-II Gene transfer and genetic mapping; transformation, transfection, conjugation and transduction, genetic mapping of E. coli. Molecular aspects of genetic recombination. UNIT-III Complementation analysis, cis trans test, Benzers concept of cistron, deletion mapping, overlapping genes, DNA repair photo repair, excision or dark repair, recombinational repair, SOS repair, methyl directed mismatch repair, very short patch repair. UNIT-IV Plasmids, F-factor description and their uses in genetic analysis. R factors, colicin and col factors. Plasmids as vectors for gene cloning. Replication of selected plasmids; compatibility. Transposons and their uses in genetic analysis, plasmids vectors and Bacteriophage vectors . UNIT-V Important applications of advances in microbial genetics, production of proteins, hormones and design vaccines: conventional as well as new generation recombinant DNA vaccines, design and advantages. RECOMMENDED BOOKS: Snustad and Simmons- Principles of Genetics Russell P. J.(2000). Fundamentals of Genetics, 2nd Edition; Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. San Francisco CA. Gardner E.J., M.J. Simmons and D.P. Snustad (2006) 8th Edition. Principles of Genetics. John Wiley and sons Inc. Benjamin Lewin- Gene VII Strickberger, M.W. (2003) 3rd edition. Genetics, Prentice Hall. Snyder, L. and W. Champness (2005). Molecular Genetics of Bacteria, ASM Press. Hartl, D.L. and E.W. Jones (2005) 6th edition. Genetics: Analysis of genes and genomes, Jones and Bartlett Publishers. WEBSITES  HYPERLINK "http://www.sp.uconn.edu" www.sp.uconn.edu  HYPERLINK "http://www.studystack.com" www.studystack.com  HYPERLINK "http://www.sciencemag.org" www.sciencemag.org  HYPERLINK "http://www.biodirectory.com" www.biodirectory.com LIST OF PRACTICALS: Isolation of DNA from bacteria. Estimation of DNA concentration and purity by spectrophotometer. To analyse the effect of U.V. on bacterial growth . Isolation of Auxotrophs by replica plate method. To analyse the results of photorepair and dark repair of U.V. mutation in bacteria. Demonstration of streaking plate using tooth pick. Demonstration of picking and patching colonies. M.Sc. MICROBIOLOGY SEMESTER-SECOND COURSE No.-VIII MICROBIAL METABOLISM MM 40 UNIT I Microbial growth: Mathematical expression of growth, growth measurement. Efficient growth curve. Synchronous growth and continuous culture. Effect of environmental factors on microbial growth: nutrients diffusion, active transport, group translocation, solutes, temperature, oxygen relations. UNIT-II Chemolithotrophy: Sulphur, iron, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxidations. Methanogenesis, bioluminescence. Brief account of photosynthetic and accessory pigments- chlorophyll, bacteriochlorophyll, carotenoids. Oxygenic-anoxygenic photosynthesis. Electron transport- photoautotrophic generation of ATP; fixation of CO2- Calvin cycle, reverse TCA cycle; carbohydrate anabolism. UNIT-III Respiratory metabolism: Embden MeyerHoff Parnas Pathway, Entner Doudoroff pathway, Glyoxalate pathway, Krebs cycle. Oxidative and substrate level phosphorylation. Pasteurs effect; fermentation of carbohydrates-homo and heterolactic fermentations. Synthesis of polysaccharides-gluconeogenesis and other pathways. UNIT- IV Assimilation of nitrogen: Dinitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, ammonia, denitrification, synthesis of major amino acids, polyamines; peptidoglycan, biopolymers as cell components. UNIT-V Microbial development, sporulation and morphogenesis, hyphae vs. yeast forms and their significance. Multicellular organization of selected microbes. Dormancy- endospore structure- properties and germination. RECOMMENDED BOOKS: Schlegel, H.G. (2002) 7th edition. General Microbiology, Cambridge University Press. Madigan, M.T., J.M. Martinko and J. Parker (2000) 9th edition. Brock Biology of Microorganisms, Prentice Hall. Powar, C.B. and H.F. Daginawala (2003) 2nd edition. General Microbiology (Vol I), Himalaya Publishing House. Stanier, R.Y., J.L. Ingraham, M.L. Wheelis and P.R. Painter (1987) Vth edition. General Microbiology, Macmillan Press Ltd. Tortora, G.J., B.R. Funke., C.L. Case (1995) 5th edition. Microbiology, The Benjamin/ Cummings Publishing Company, Inc. Nelson, D.L. and M.M. Cox (2001) 3rd Edition. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, Macmillan worth Publisher. WEBSITES  HYPERLINK "http://www.bizrate.com" www.bizrate.com  HYPERLINK "http://www.hu-berlin.de" www.hu-berlin.de  HYPERLINK "http://www.elsvier.com" www.elsvier.com  HYPERLINK "http://www.ou.edu" www.ou.edu LIST OF PRACTICALS: Plotting growth curve of bacteria. Effect of temperature on bacterial growth . Effect of pH on bacterial growth. Effect of heavy metals on bacterial growth. Effect of different chemicals on growth of bacteria. Test for antibiotic sensitivity by disc method. Measurement of fungal growth by diameter method. Isolation of spore formers from soil. SYLLABUS M.Sc. III IV SEMESTER (MICROBIOLOGY) 2009-10 GUIDELINES FOR M.Sc. III and IV SEMESTER There shall be a term (semester) examination at the end of Third semester. The semester examination will be held in May or the dates declared in the academic calendar of the college. Every student will appear in four respective theory papers and one combined practical examination in the third semester. In the fourth semester every student will be allotted dissertation work in lieu of four theory papers. Allotment of the dissertation will be done by a committee comprising of the Head and faculty of the Department of Botany and Microbiology by the approval of the Principal of the institution. The students can be permitted to pursue their dissertation work out of the department at recognized institutions/ universities/ organizations /industries. In such cases there will be two supervisors, one from the parent department and another from the place where the students completes his/her dissertation work. The dissertation will be evaluated by one of the external examiner who has expertise in the concerned subject. For the purpose of holding viva-voce, the supervisor will be the internal examiner along with the external examiner who has evaluated the dissertation. The scheme of marks for evaluating the various components of the dissertation will be followed as below: DISSERTATIONMAXIMUM MARKSMIN. AGG. MARKS FOR PASSINGA) Valuation1. Language and presentation50 722. Review of literature 503. Methodology504. Analysis and interpretation of results50B) Viva-Voce10036TOTAL300 M.Sc. MICROBIOLOOGY SEMESTER- THIRD COURSE NO. IX - ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY UNIT I Microbial Ecology: Basic concepts, types of microbial habitats, factors affecting microbial population, microbial interactions: competition, amensalism, parasitism, mutualism, commensalisms, synergism. Biogeochemical cycles: carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur cycle; conservation and management of microbial diversity; biodeterioration and biodegradation. UNIT II Microbiology of air: Atmosphere: composition, layers, photochemical oxidation, microbial composition of air. Droplet nuclei, aerosols, assessment of air quality: sampling by solid, liquid and impingement method. Brief account of airborne transmission of bacteria, fungi, algae, pollens, viruses etc.; air borne human diseases and their prevention. UNIT III Aquatic Microbiology: Types of water ecosystem: fresh water (ponds, lakes, streams, springs) marine habitats: (estuaries, mangroove, deep sea etc.); zonation of water ecosystems; lacustrine and thermal; microbial composition of water. Assessment of water quality: physical, chemical and microbiological basis; water borne human diseases and their prevention; algal blooms. UNIT IV Soil Microbiology: Types of soil ecosystems: Glei, pod, laterite, calciferous soil; physical and chemical characteristics; microflora of soil. Biological nitrogen fixation: nitrogenase enzyme, nif genes, hydrogenase, symbiotic and nonsymbiotic nitrogen fixation. Biofertilizers. UNIT V Waste treatment: Wastes: types, solid and liquid wastes, treatment: physical, chemical and biological, aerobic and anaerobic; liquid waste treatment: trickling, activated sludge, attached films, oxidation ponds and ditches; solid waste treatment: saccharification, composting, biomethanation, landfills; utilization of solid and liquid wastes: food (SCP, Spirulina production, vermicomposting); Bioremediation of xenobiotics. Recommended Books Environmental Studies Baruch Fundamentals of Ecology Odum Microorganisms in our world Atlas Microbial Ecology Atlas and Bartha General Microbiology Pelczar M.Sc. MICROBIOLOOGY SEMESTER- THIRD COURSE NO. X - MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY & IMMUNOLOGY UNIT I Early discovery of pathogenic microorganisms; development of bacteriology as scientific discipline; contribution by eminent scientists. Normal microbial flora and the human host; role of resident flora; classification of medically important microorganisms, dermatophytes, dimorphic fungi, opportunistic fungal pathogens, laboratory diagnosis of pathogenic fungi. UNIT II Mechanism of pathogenicity, virulence and protection, organs and cells involved in immune system and immune response; antigens, antigenic specificity, antigenic determinants, cellular and humoral basis of immunity; immunoglobulins; antigen and antibody reactions, immunological (serological as well as cellular) methods; Complements. UNIT III Classification of pathogenic bacteria- Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Pneumococcus, Corynebacterium, Bacillus, Clostridium, non-sporing anaerobes, organisms belonging to Enterobacteriaceae, Vibrios, non-fermenting bacilli, Yersinia, Haemophilus, Bordetella, Brucella, Mycobacteria, Spirochaetes, Actinomycetes, Rickettsiae, Chlamydiae. UNIT IV Important RNA and DNA viral pathogens; virus-host interactions; pox viruses, adenoviruses, picornaviruses, orthomyxoviruses, paramyxoviruses, arboviruses, rhabdoviruses; general properties of pathogenic protozoans and diseases caused by them, slow virus diseases. UNIT V Laboratory control of antimicrobial therapy; strategies/approaches (conventional and modern) in the diagnosis of important disease/syndrome; meningitis, urinary tract infection, sexually transmitted diseases, pyrexia of unknown origin, wound infection, etc. Recommended Books A textbook of Microbiology Anantnarayanan and Panicker A textbook of Microbiology P. Chakraborty Advanced Immunology - Male and Cohn Medical Microbiology Murray, Rosenthal and Kobayashi Immunology - Joshi and Osama Modern Immunology - Dasgupta Immunology B. Singh M.Sc. MICROBIOLOOGY SEMESTER- THIRD COURSE NO. XI INDUSTRIAL AND FOOD MICROBIOLOGY UNIT I Biofermentation: Designing and application, Principles of biofermentation, monitoring and control of parameters (pH, oxygen, agitation, temperature, foam etc.), batch and continuous, production medium, raw materials, isolation, maintenance, preservation and improvement of industrial strain, computer control of fermentation process. UNIT II Downstream processing: Filteration of fermentation broth, ultracentrifugation, recovery of biological products by distillation, superficial fluid extraction. UNIT III Industrial production of solvents: Ethyl alcohol, citric and acetic acids, Enzymes: amylases, proteases, cellulases, Vitamins: Vitamin B12, Vitamin C, Antibiotics: penicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline and griseofulvin. Microbes in petroleum industry (oil recovery). Immobilized cells and enzymes. UNIT IV Microbiology of food: Sources and types of micro-organisms in food, food borne pathogens, microbiological examination of food, spoilage of food, food reservation, fermented foods, microbial proteins. UNIT V Dairy Microbiology: Sources and types of micro organisms in milk, microbial examination of milk, Pasteurization and phosphatase test, sterilization of milk, grades of milk, dairy products, fermented milk, butter and cheese. Recommended Books Industrial Microbiology A. H. Patel Industrial Microbiology L. S. Casida Industrial Microbiology Morgan and Waites Industrial Microbiology Prescott and Dunn Industrial Microbiology Rockey and Higton Modern food Microbiology James M. Jay Food Microbiology Mott and Foster M.Sc. MICROBIOLOOGY SEMESTER- THIRD COURSE NO. XII -AGRICULTURAL MICROBIOLOGY UNIT I History, scope and development of Agricultural Microbiology, Rhizosphere and Phyllosphere: concept, importance, factors affecting microbial diversity. UNIT II Soil health: Crop residues, Humus, Mineralization, Immobilization, Soil sickness, Composting, Vermicomposting, Green manure, effect of crop residues on plant growth. Biodegradation of pesticides and pollutants: biodegradation, fate, bioavailability, bioaccumulation, Bioremediation. Biofertilizers: types, production, formulation and constraints. UNIT III General idea about major agricultural pests: Plant diseases- Late blight of potato, Downy mildew of pea, Stem gall of coriander, Powdery mildew rust/ smut of wheat, Rust of linseed, Ergot of bajra, Anthracnose of soybean, Tikka disease of groundnut, Wilt of arhar, Bacterial blight of paddy, Citrus canker, Leaf curl of papaya, Little leaf of brinjal. Insects: Gram, Soybean. Weeds: Parthenium, Xanthium, Water hyacinth, Cyperus, Phalaris. UNIT IV Post harvest losses of agricultural products: causes, problems and management. Recent trends in pest management: Strategies, mass production, formulation and application. Technology, Achievements, constraints. UNIT V Biotechnology in agriculture: The new green revolution, Transgenic crops, Gene protection technology, Frost control technology, resistant varieties. Bioconversion futurology: Exploitation of agricultural waste for food, feed and fuel. Recommended Books Soil Microbiology Subba Rao Soil Microbiology S. Thakore Soil and the Microbes Waksman and Starkey Soil Ecology Yadav Plant Pathology Mehrotra Textbook of Plant Pathology Bilgrami. LIST OF PRACTICALS Course No. IX: Environmental Microbiology Assessment of microbial quality of soil. Assessment of microbial quality of water. Assessment of microbial quality of air. To determine the Biological Oxygen Demand of water. To determine the Chemical Oxygen Demand of water. Physico-chemical characterization of soil. Construction of Winogradskys column. To study the effect of antibiotics on water borne pathogens. Course No. X: Medical Microbiology Study of normal human microflora. Determination of blood group. To determine the bleeding time. To determine the clotting time. Preparation of haemin crystals. Determination of haemoglobin percentage. Precipitation reaction. Isolation of microbes from blood samples. Isolation of microbes from urine samples. To determine the MIC of selected antibiotic on clinical bacterial isolates. ELISA (Demonstration). Ouchterlony immunodiffusion (Demonstration). Course No. XI: Industrial Microbiology Study of fermentation of carbohydrates by yeast. Screening of natural sources for extracellular enzyme producing microbes: Protease (b) Amylase (c) Lipase (d) Cellulase (e) Phosphatase Production and quantitative estimation of extracellular protease activity. Production and quantitative estimation of extracellular amylase activity. Production and quantitative estimation of extracellular lipase activity. Production and quantitative estimation of extracellular cellulase activity. Production and quantitative estimation of extracellular phosphatase activity. Effect of temperature on enzyme activity. Effect of pH on enzyme activity. Assessment of microbial quality of milk by resazurin dye test. Microbial examination of food sample. Microbial examination of dairy products. Course No. XII: Agricultural Microbiology Isolation of microbes from agricultural soil. Isolation of phyllospheric and rhizospheric microflora. Isolation of antibiotic producing microbes from soil. Isolation of symbiotic bacteria from soil/root nodules. Isolation of phosphate solubilizing microbes from soil. Isolation of endospore forming bacteria from soil Isolation of phytopathogenic fungi from plants. Study of phytopathological specimens. Study of symbiotic and non symbiotic nitrogen fixing bacteria. Management of insect pest using entomopathogenic fungi. SCHEME OF PRACTICAL EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF M.Sc. IN MICROBIOLOGY (SEMESTER - III) Time 4 Hours MM: 100 Environmental Microbiology To perform the given experiment 12 Comment upon the given set experiment 06 Medical Microbiology To perform hematological studies 12 To determine the given parameters 06 Industrial and Food Microbiology *+-;<M`abk # - 3 @ A X Y Z n o {   $ D 꿳zrjh}h5hh5 h ,;h h5jhUmHnHuh}hCJaJhxL%h5hh ,;h5h}h5CJaJhmYh5>*CJaJh ,;hCJaJh+5CJaJhP^5CJaJh5CJaJh ,;h5CJaJ)<Nabk  @ X Z n o   $ gd$a$gdYY$ D E S x  U b c  $a$gdp#$a$gd$a$gdX@xgd @ ^@ `gdD E S  U Z ^ a c d ɾɾɰueXJhEhn5OJQJ^JhE5CJOJQJ^JhEhn5CJOJQJ^Jh_hn5CJOJQJ^Jh_h_5CJOJQJ^Jh_5CJOJQJ^Jh=hn5OJQJ^Jh=hX@x5OJQJ^Jha<5OJQJ^JhX@x5OJQJ^Jhb`5OJQJ^Jh5CJaJhh5h}h5CJaJh   4 5 CPAǸ񸟸tdTE5hrhXH6CJOJQJ^JhrheoCJOJQJ^JhrhV6CJOJQJ^Jhrhn6CJOJQJ^JhtCJOJQJ^JhX@xhV6CJOJQJ^JhrhVCJOJQJ^JhX@xCJOJQJ^JhrhnOJQJ^JhrhnCJOJQJ^JhPCJOJQJ^JaJ hPhPCJOJQJ^JaJhn5OJQJ^Jhrhn5OJQJ^J zBCLRv^_$ & F 8^`a$gd$ & F 8^`a$gd $`a$gd$ & F 8^`a$gd$a$gdABCL !RVWav}ĴxexQA5h]k3CJOJQJ^JhrhXH5CJOJQJ^J'hb`hXH6CJOJQJ^JmH sH $hb`h]k3CJOJQJ^JmH sH $hb`hXHCJOJQJ^JmH sH h]k36CJOJQJ^Jh]k3hXHCJOJQJ^Jh6CJOJQJ^JhrhXH6CJOJQJ^JhrhXHCJOJQJ^JhrhXH5OJQJ^JhrhXH6OJQJ^Jhrheo6CJOJQJ^J}  ^_ef~Rpq"#+-Ǻ񟓟wk[kLkLk<hlQh^CJH*OJQJ^Jhxih^CJOJQJ^Jh[7h^CJH*OJQJ^Jh^CJOJQJ^Jh\Jh\J5CJOJQJ^Jh MCJOJQJ^JhvCJOJQJ^JhrhCJOJQJ^JhCRCJOJQJ^JhrhXHOJQJ^JhrhXH5OJQJ^JhrhXH5CJOJQJ^Jh]k3CJOJQJ^JhrhXHCJOJQJ^J_f~8+} nX^gd  & Fgd gd $ & Fa$gd^gd\J$a$gd\J$a$gd-9JKX~8?@ABCGPTkmwʾʾzk\h\Jh\JCJOJQJ^Jh\Jh&CJOJQJ^Jh&CJOJQJ^JhhCJH*OJQJ^JhCJOJQJ^Jh\Jh^CJOJQJ^JhyCJH*OJQJ^JhyCJOJQJ^JhxihyCJOJQJ^Jh+CJOJQJ^Jhxih^CJOJQJ^Jh^CJOJQJ^J")*+,]^_{|}~ǸNJǸǸpNJǸǸVNJǸǸ2jh h"5CJOJQJU^JaJ2jh h"5CJOJQJU^JaJ'h h"0J5CJOJQJ^JaJ2jh h"5CJOJQJU^JaJh"5CJOJQJ^JaJ&jh"5CJOJQJU^JaJhUyCJOJQJ^JhUy5CJOJQJ^Jh\JCJOJQJ^J@A]^`aj#$[\Ҿүzkzzzkzzkzkzkzzzzzzh=6CJOJQJ^JaJ#hh 6CJOJQJ^JaJ hh CJOJQJ^JaJ#hJ;h 5CJOJQJ^JaJh"5CJOJQJ^JaJ'h h"0J5CJOJQJ^JaJ&jh"5CJOJQJU^JaJ2jh h"5CJOJQJU^JaJ#Xj$\AHY$a$gdQ$a$gd Mgd M$a$gd & Fgd ^gd ;@AEGͼyl\LA3hrh M5OJQJ^JhQ5OJQJ^Jh_h_5CJOJQJ^Jh_h_5CJOJQJ^Jh_5CJOJQJ^Jh M5CJOJQJ^Jh}h M5CJOJQJ^Jh}h M5OJQJ^Jh05OJQJ^Jhrh MOJQJ^J hh CJOJQJ^JaJ#hh=6CJOJQJ^JaJh=CJOJQJ^JaJ#h=h 6CJOJQJ^JaJGYKLMx 129:DILMRୢ{{{lh,h MCJ OJQJ^Jh'!ACJOJQJ^JhN5CJOJQJ^Jhrh M5OJQJ^JhQ5OJQJ^Jh,h MCJOJQJ^JhQCJOJQJ^Jh}CJOJQJ^JhNCJOJQJ^JhQh MCJOJQJ^JhQh M5CJOJQJ^J*:P  8vxz $ C D E P o ԻynbbbVbbbh:qCJOJQJ^Jh (CJOJQJ^JhQ5OJQJ^Jh,h MCJ OJQJ^JhRCJOJQJ^JhdW@CJOJQJ^Jh'!ACJOJQJ^JhQh MCJOJQJ^JhFCJOJQJ^JhdW@5CJOJQJ^JhQh M5CJOJQJ^Jh'!A5CJOJQJ^Jhrh M5OJQJ^J!  8 !!!O""#-#B#C#M###$$gd56h^hgd56 & Fgd\J & FgdlT gd\J$a$gdgd M$a$gdQ !=!>!O!P!Q!T!V!]!^!y!z!~!!!!!!!!!""˽塒wgXLhP^CJOJQJ^JhP^hP^CJOJQJ^Jh\Jh\J5CJOJQJ^Jh,hXHCJOJQJ^JhQCJOJQJ^Jh |!h MCJOJQJ^Jh |!CJOJQJ^JhQh M5CJOJQJ^Jhrh M5OJQJ^JhQ5OJQJ^Jh,h MCJ OJQJ^JhQh MCJOJQJ^Jh (CJOJQJ^J"!"#"'"("*","6">"N"O""""""" ##+#-#7#ٺ}q}b}bSDSh56h\JCJOJQJ^Jh56h56CJOJQJ^Jhh\JCJOJQJ^JhCJOJQJ^JhhCJOJQJ^JhlT h\JCJOJQJ^Jhbh\J5CJOJQJ^JhlT hlT CJOJQJ^JhP^h\JCJOJQJ^JhlT hlT CJH*OJQJ^JhlT CJOJQJ^JhP^CJOJQJ^JhP^hP^CJOJQJ^J7#8#A#C#M#N#x#y#z###############$$$$ȶȞȶtȶ\Lhh5CJOJQJ^J.j.h h5CJOJQJU^J.jYh h5CJOJQJU^J#h h0J5CJOJQJ^J.j|h h5CJOJQJU^J"jh5CJOJQJU^Jh5CJOJQJ^Jh56h565CJOJQJ^Jh56h\JCJOJQJ^Jh56CJOJQJ^J$)$/$?$@$$$$$$% %%%%u%v%%%%%%%%%%ʹ~qaQFh75OJQJ^Jh_h_5CJOJQJ^Jh_h_5CJOJQJ^Jh_5CJOJQJ^Jh M5CJOJQJ^Jh7h M5CJOJQJ^Jhk#5OJQJ^Jh*h M5OJQJ^Jhrh4OJQJ^JhaqCJOJQJ^Jh4h4CJOJQJ^J hh%CJOJQJ^JaJ#hJ;h%5CJOJQJ^JaJ$/$[$w$$$%6%u%v%%%%%%% ' '''''$a$gd:D dhgd M$a$gd M$a$gd & Fgd4gd%%%&& ' '''T''''''(((>(?(@(((((t)v)))))))))񱡱񒆒zznbnbVh]S@CJOJQJ^Jh;%CJOJQJ^Jh0CJOJQJ^Jh0bCJOJQJ^Jh`CJOJQJ^Jh0h MCJOJQJ^Jh%hh M6CJOJQJ^Jh%hh MCJOJQJ^Jh05OJQJ^Jh:D 5OJQJ^Jh CJOJQJ^Jh7h MCJOJQJ^Jhrh M5OJQJ^J!'(@(((()))*_****++,X, & FgdMb & F^`gdq-gd-R$ & F ^a$gd:D $ & F u^`a$gd:D $a$gd:D $ & F ^`a$gd:D )*E*M*R*]*^*_*************++"+(+ҹvveveTFhbCJOJQJ^JaJ hHehbCJOJQJ^JaJ hq-h-RCJOJQJ^JaJ hq-hq-CJOJQJ^JaJ hq-h\QCJOJQJ^JaJ#hHeh-R5CJOJQJ^JaJh:D 5CJOJQJ^JaJh M6CJOJQJ^Jh]S@CJOJQJ^Jh0h M6CJOJQJ^Jh0h MCJOJQJ^Jhrh M5OJQJ^J(+2+=+E+G+P+Q++++++++++++++,, , ,,,򾰟q`OAOqh:CJOJQJ^JaJ h\Qh\QCJOJQJ^JaJ hojXhDCJOJQJ^JaJ#h\Qh\QCJH*OJQJ^JaJh\QCJOJQJ^JaJhDCJOJQJ^JaJ hMNhDCJOJQJ^JaJh-RCJOJQJ^JaJ hHeh-RCJOJQJ^JaJ#hhCJH*OJQJ^JaJ hHehCJOJQJ^JaJhCJOJQJ^JaJ,&,-,W,X,Y,f,l,p,q,t,v,,,,,,,,,ͻyhWEW4 h+hDCJOJQJ^JaJ#h+h+CJH*OJQJ^JaJ h+h+CJOJQJ^JaJ hRh-RCJOJQJ^JaJ hRhDCJOJQJ^JaJ#hRhRCJH*OJQJ^JaJh:CJOJQJ^JaJ hRhRCJOJQJ^JaJ#hMbhR5CJOJQJ^JaJ h\Qh-RCJOJQJ^JaJ h\QhDCJOJQJ^JaJ h\Qh\QCJOJQJ^JaJX,,----^---&.'.(.A....0/H/[///// & Fgdt & FgdfHe & F gd/Ygd%gdh^hgd+ & Fgd+ & FgdMb,----- -G-H-I-[-\-^-_----°ygU=U.jh h5CJOJQJU^J"jh5CJOJQJU^J#h hXMT0J5CJOJQJ^J.j h hXMT5CJOJQJU^JhXMT5CJOJQJ^J"jhXMT5CJOJQJU^J#h+h5CJOJQJ^JaJh5CJOJQJ^Jh+5CJOJQJ^JaJ h+h+CJOJQJ^JaJ h+h CJOJQJ^JaJ------------ ...$.%.&.(.;.A.d.k...ζΞΏ}l]N]BhRCJOJQJ^Jh4h/YCJOJQJ^Jh4hfHeCJOJQJ^J hh%CJOJQJ^JaJ#hJ;h%5CJOJQJ^JaJh05CJOJQJ^JaJ.jh h5CJOJQJU^J.jh h5CJOJQJU^Jh5CJOJQJ^J"jh5CJOJQJU^J#h h0J5CJOJQJ^J....../&/'/[/g/r///////////0000000001$1L1R1g1h11ⷧƕƉyyyymahCJOJQJ^JhfHeCJOJQJ^Jh4hfHe6CJOJQJ^JhtCJOJQJ^J#h/Yh/YCJH*OJQJ^JaJh4ht6CJOJQJ^Jh4htCJOJQJ^Jh/YCJOJQJ^Jh/YhfHe6CJOJQJ^Jh4hfHeCJOJQJ^Jh4hRCJOJQJ^J%//00e000 1?1h1111111111<3=3E3G4H4R4j5$a$gd Mgd M$a$gd M $dha$gd0h^hgdfHe & FgdfHe1111111111122<3=3E33333wiZNZ?iZ3NZhz2CJOJQJ^Jhk#h MCJOJQJ^Jh0UCJOJQJ^Jh gRh MCJOJQJ^Jhrh M5OJQJ^Jh,h M5CJ OJQJ^Jh_h_5CJOJQJ^Jh_5CJ OJQJ^Jh/h M5OJQJ^JhY h M5OJQJ^JhY h M56OJQJ^J#hHeh-R6CJOJQJ^JaJh4hfHeCJOJQJ^Jh4hCJOJQJ^J33G4H4R4j5k5s555666666667777778Ȍwg[K[h.hCJH*OJQJ^JhCJOJQJ^Jh$B=h$B=5CJOJQJ^Jh,h$B=CJ h MCJOJQJ^Jhrh MOJQJ^Jhk#h M5CJOJQJ^Jh gRh MCJH*OJQJ^Jhk#h MCJOJQJ^Jhrh M5OJQJ^Jhk#h MCJOJQJ^Jh gRh MCJOJQJ^Jh0UCJOJQJ^Jj5k5s5666777889l99::::::gd^h^hgdV & Fgd & FgdV & Fgdr N $ & Fa$gd$Z $ & Fa$gd/ $ & Fa$gdgd$B=$a$gd M884868888888899989:9^9k9l9999999999:ɽ}vovovohYIYhojXhr NCJH*OJQJ^JhojXhr NCJOJQJ^J hX"h0U hX"hX" hX"hV hBbh$B= hBbhBbhBbh#SH*hBb hBbh#Shi h$ZCJH*OJQJ^Jhi h$ZCJOJQJ^Jh$ZCJOJQJ^Jh/CJOJQJ^Jh/CJH*OJQJ^Jhy7h/CJOJQJ^Jh>hCJOJQJ^J:::::::::::::::::&;';(;?;@;A;B;a;b;c;ƹu]uE.j) h h^5CJOJQJU^J.jD h h^5CJOJQJU^J#h h^0J5CJOJQJ^J.jk h h^5CJOJQJU^J"jh^5CJOJQJU^JhVh^5h^5CJOJQJ^J hV5hr=hCJOJQJ^Jhr=hr=CJOJQJ^J hVhVh0Uhr NCJOJQJ^J:A;o;;;;;;;;"<L<u<<<#=b====#>$>%>&>]>q>$a$gdY gd?( & Fgd gdJ;gd^c;m;n;o;p;;;;;;;;;;!<"<7<8<K<ζΤr^M?Mh4SCJOJQJ^JaJ h h CJOJQJ^JaJ&h,h 6>*CJOJQJ^JaJ h,h CJOJQJ^JaJ#hJ;hJ;5CJOJQJ^JaJh5CJOJQJ^JaJ#h,h^5CJOJQJ^JaJ.j h h^5CJOJQJU^Jh^5CJOJQJ^J"jh^5CJOJQJU^J#h h^0J5CJOJQJ^JK<L<a<b<t<u<<<<<<<=="=#=M=P=b=y====#>$>%>'>{>>ۿۿ۱vk`Rh4ShC5OJQJ^JhY 5OJQJ^Jh05OJQJ^J h h?(CJOJQJ^JaJh?(CJOJQJ^JaJhCJOJQJ^JaJhACJOJQJ^JaJh CJOJQJ^JaJhz2CJOJQJ^JaJh4SCJOJQJ^JaJ h h CJOJQJ^JaJ&h h 6>*CJOJQJ^JaJq>>>>>??AAARBSB\BCDDDE4G5G>>>????4?5?6?[?\?@@AAAAPBQBRBSBWB\BkBBBYCɹueYIYh,h M5CJ OJQJ^JhA'CJOJQJ^Jh,h M5CJ OJQJ^Jh0{CJOJQJ^Jh gRh MCJOJQJ^Jh gRh M5CJOJQJ^Jhrh M5OJQJ^Jh gR5OJQJ^Jh_h_5CJOJQJ^Jh_h_5CJOJQJ^Jh_5CJOJQJ^Jh M5OJQJ^Jh,h M5OJQJ^JYCZCnCoCvCwCCCDDDDDDDDDEFkFnF4G5G6G9GCJOJQJ^JaJ hn[hn[CJOJQJ^JaJ#hn[h_hCJH*OJQJ^JaJ hn[h_hCJOJQJ^JaJhh3pCJH*OJQJ^Jhh3pCJOJQJ^J hn[hHeCJOJQJ^JaJJJJJJJJKKK2K3K4K5K`KaKbKxKyK{KKKKLL5Mַַַַַwh\hPDhCJOJQJ^Jh3CJOJQJ^JhHnCJOJQJ^JhPNh3CJOJQJ^JhPNhPN5CJOJQJ^J.jh hEB5CJOJQJU^J.j-h hEB5CJOJQJU^JhEB5CJOJQJ^J#h hEB0J5CJOJQJ^J"jhEB5CJOJQJU^J.jx h hEB5CJOJQJU^J5M6M7M8M9M:MNM]M^MkMlMMMMMMNNmOnOPŶ}m_QBQB6BhWCJOJQJ^Jh gRh|CJOJQJ^Jhrh|5OJQJ^Jh_h|5OJQJ^Jh_h_5CJOJQJ^Jh_5OJQJ^J"h gRhC5>*CJOJQJ^JhJ|hC5OJQJ^JhJ|h M5OJQJ^JhJ|hCCJOJQJ^Jhrh|5>*OJQJ^Jhrh|OJQJ^Jh gRh3CJOJQJ^JhPNhCJOJQJ^J8MNM^MlMMMMNNNPPPQQQSSSTTTUUU#V & FgdMbgdHe$a$gd|$a$gdC$a$gd MPP Q9Q:QQQQQQPRQRYRZR[R\RSSSTTTTU U%U&UTU⡒o]oOohp`CJOJQJ^JaJ#hp`hp`CJH*OJQJ^JaJ hp`hp`CJOJQJ^JaJ#hHehHe5CJOJQJ^JaJhHe5CJOJQJ^JaJhSMCJOJQJ^Jhrh|OJQJ^Jh gRh|CJH*OJQJ^JhCJOJQJ^JhnCJOJQJ^Jh gRh|CJOJQJ^Jhrh|5OJQJ^JTUUUjUlUUUUUUU"V#V9VRVVVVVVV޾ޭ|m|^O|C2 h0h0CJOJQJ^JaJhCJOJQJ^Jh=hCJOJQJ^Jh=hHeCJOJQJ^Jh=hCJOJQJ^Jh=h=CJOJQJ^J h=hHeCJOJQJ^JaJ h=h=CJOJQJ^JaJ h=hHeCJOJQJ^JaJh=CJOJQJ^JaJ#h=h=CJH*OJQJ^JaJ h=h=CJOJQJ^JaJ hp`hHeCJOJQJ^JaJ#VVV WWMWWWWWXGXX)YYYYYYHZdZZZZZ$a$gdSM & F gdPN$a$gdPN$a$gd|gd0 & Fgd0 $ & Fa$gdMbVV W WWW9W:W;WKWLWMWNWtWuWvWWWWWWWWWWWWW°˜°n°V°.j}h hEB5CJOJQJU^J.jh hEB5CJOJQJU^J#h hEB0J5CJOJQJ^J.jh hEB5CJOJQJU^J"jhEB5CJOJQJU^JhEB5CJOJQJ^Jh0h0CJOJQJ^J h0h0CJOJQJ^JaJ h0hyCJOJQJ^JaJWWWWWWWWX(Y)YZGZHZZZZZַth\h\M>1h5CJOJQJ^JhPNhPNCJOJQJ^JhPNhCJOJQJ^JhCJOJQJ^Jh47CJOJQJ^JhPNCJOJQJ^JhPNhPNCJOJQJ^JhPNhPN5CJOJQJ^Jhj_wCJOJQJ^JhEBCJOJQJ^JhEB5CJOJQJ^J#h hEB0J5CJOJQJ^J"jhEB5CJOJQJU^J.jBh hEB5CJOJQJU^JZZZZZZZ[[[ [5[T[U[V[`[[[[[[[[[[[[[ƻwwkk_kwkRGhe"5OJQJ^JhrhSMOJQJ^Jhj_wCJOJQJ^Jh:D CJOJQJ^Jhe"CJOJQJ^Jh gRhSMCJOJQJ^Jh gR5OJQJ^JhrhSM5OJQJ^Jh_h_5CJOJQJ^Jh_5OJQJ^Jh gRhSM5CJOJQJ^Jhj_wh5OJQJ^Jhj_whSM5OJQJ^Jhj_w5CJOJQJ^JZZZZZ[ [[[[\\\]]]^^^____H` $ & Fa$gdP^ & Fgd gd $a$gd6$a$gde"gdSM$a$gdSM[[\\\$\1\@\A\P\g\h\\\\\\\\\\\\]]]%]*]+]C]D]E]H]g]h]i]j]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]^$^8^9^:^;^Z^z^ⱦ־ⱦ־hCJOJQJ^Jhe"5OJQJ^JhrhSMOJQJ^Jhe"CJOJQJ^Jhj_wCJOJQJ^Jh:D CJOJQJ^Jhe"hSMCJOJQJ^JhrhSM5OJQJ^J*h5OJQJ^JhJ|h5OJQJ^J hh$) h(h$) h$)5h(h$)5h*h$)5h$) h$)5>*h$)>*CJPOJQJh$h$)>*CJPOJQJh$)5>*CJZOJQJh$)OJQJ^J+uu!u"u#uofZZ $$Ifa$gd$) $Ifgd$)kdO$$IflF!  t06    44 la#u$uAuDuEuFuGuJuofZZffM $If`gd$) $$Ifa$gd$) $Ifgd$)kd$$IflWF!  t06    44 laJuKupusutuneYY $$Ifa$gd$) $Ifgd$)kdG$$Ifl4WF! ` t06    44 latuuuuuuneYY $$Ifa$gd$) $Ifgd$)kd$$Ifl4WF!  t06    44 lauuuuuuneeYY $$Ifa$gd$) $Ifgd$)kdI$$Ifl4WF!  t06    44 lauuuuuneYY $$Ifa$gd$) $Ifgd$)kd$$Ifl4F!  t06    44 lauuuuuofZZ $$Ifa$gd$) $Ifgd$)kdK$$IflWF!  t06    44 lauuuuuofZZ $$Ifa$gd$) $Ifgd$)kd$$IflWF!  t06    44 lauuuv3v4v5v* h$)5>*hd5OJQJ^JhJ|hd5OJQJ^Jh$)CJaJh'Sh$)5h9h$)6h$)hl)h$)5 h$)52o~p~w~:;<Eń,R & F% -gd$)gd$)$a$gd$)$a$gd$)Ąń(57=>N5=>`ajkr<=CX#$&78UVsyzFMNZƼƴ歴枴枴ؔƔƔƌh^h$)5hW@h$)5h'h$)5>* hb2h$)hb2h$)5 h"[h$)h"[h$)5hpzh$)5>* h$)5>*hd5OJQJ^JhJ|hd5OJQJ^Jh$)h$)CJaJ h$)5h6h$)54Ʌ67>345>ijks;<=D$a$gd$)$a$gd$)$a$gd`$a$gdd & F% -gd$)D$%&8^݋ 1UjzDEFN$a$gdd & F' -gd$)gd$)$a$gd$)$a$gd$)ZnuvJPQ=NO"#%,0OPxyʓ˓Ȕ̔ӖԖyzɾh`h$)CJh`h$)5CJaJ h*hh$)5>*h\h$)CJaJh-h$)5>*CJaJh$)CJaJh6h$)5h)h$)5 h$)5hW@h$)5h$)1,lmnvHIJQ<=Om͒#$% $ & F(a$gd$) & F(gd$)gd$) $dha$gd$)$a$gd$)%OPy˓1\%Eeƕ & F dhgd$) $dha$gd$)dhgd$) & F!dhgd$)gd$)$a$gd$)f}ӖԖPޗ(q 5V$hdh^ha$gd$) & F"dhgd$) & F"dhgd$)dhgd$) $dha$gd$) & F dhgd$)@xP?Ghyzߜ#P $ & F$a$gd$)$a$gd$)gd$)$a$gd$)dhgd$) & F#dhgd$) hdh^hgd$)zלߜPf۝X_XzX@YKYYYYYYYYYYYh! bhihrh|OJQJ^J h# ih$) h$)5U h`h$)h`h$)56>*h`h$)5h`h$)5>*PQf۝2X_X`XzXXXXXXYYYYYYY$a$gdgd$)dhgd$) $ & F$a$gd$)$a$gd$)Quantitative estimation of enzyme activity 12 Comment upon the given set experiment 06 Agricultural Microbiology To perform the given experiment 12 Comment upon the given set experiment 06 Viva-voce 08 Sessionals 20 _____________________________________________________________________ TOTAL 100 &1h:p/ =!"#$%DyK  www.bio.netyK (http://www.bio.net/DyK www.microbiologybytes.comyK Dhttp://www.microbiologybytes.com/DyK www.mycology.adelaide.edu.auyK Jhttp://www.mycology.adelaide.edu.au/DyK www.micro.msb.le.ac.ukyK >http://www.micro.msb.le.ac.uk/DyK www.rockwoodk12.mo.usyK <http://www.rockwoodk12.mo.us/DyK www.bibl.biol.lu.seyK 8http://www.bibl.biol.lu.se/DyK www.mansfield.osu.eduyK <http://www.mansfield.osu.edu/DyK www.naexamhelp.comyK 6http://www.naexamhelp.com/DyK www.rockwoodk12.mo.usyK <http://www.rockwoodk12.mo.us/DyK www.bibl.biol.lu.seyK 8http://www.bibl.biol.lu.se/DyK www.mansfield.osu.eduyK <http://www.mansfield.osu.edu/DyK www.biochem.wisc.eduyK :http://www.biochem.wisc.edu/DyK www.biochemistry.iu.eduyK @http://www.biochemistry.iu.edu/DyK  www.mun.cayK &http://www.mun.ca/DyK www.his.ulas.edu.auyK 8http://www.his.ulas.edu.au/DyK www.amazon.co.ukyK 2http://www.amazon.co.uk/DyK  www.ams.orgyK (http://www.ams.org/DyK www.ncbi.nlm.nih.govyK :http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/DyK www.isihighlycited.comyK >http://www.isihighlycited.com/DyK www.wpic.pitt.inyK 2http://www.wpic.pitt.in/DyK www.sph.umich.eduyK 4http://www.sph.umich.edu/DyK www.mathepi.comyK 0http://www.mathepi.com/DyK www.nci.edu.orgyK 0http://www.nci.edu.org/DyK www.sp.uconn.eduyK 2http://www.sp.uconn.edu/DyK www.studystack.comyK 6http://www.studystack.com/DyK www.sciencemag.orgyK 6http://www.sciencemag.org/DyK www.biodirectory.comyK :http://www.biodirectory.com/DyK www.bizrate.comyK 0http://www.bizrate.com/DyK www.hu-berlin.deyK 2http://www.hu-berlin.de/DyK www.elsvier.comyK 0http://www.elsvier.com/DyK  www.ou.eduyK &http://www.ou.edu/}$$If!vh55 5#v#v #v:Vl t6,55 5w$$If!vh55 5#v#v #v:VlW t655 5$$If!vh55 5#v#v #v:Vl4W t6+55 5$$If!vh55 5#v#v #v:Vl4W t6+55 5$$If!vh55 5#v#v #v:Vl4W t6+55 5$$If!vh55 5#v#v #v:Vl4 t6+55 5w$$If!vh55 5#v#v #v:VlW t655 5w$$If!vh55 5#v#v #v:VlW t655 5w$$If!vh55 5#v#v #v:VlW t655 5@@@ J;NormalCJ_HaJmH sH tH DA@D Default Paragraph FontRi@R  Table Normal4 l4a (k(No List6U@6  Hyperlink >*B*phj@j $) Table Grid7:V0ɕɕZ<Nabk @XZno$DESxUbc zBCLRv ^ _ f ~  8 +} nXj$\AHY$301D Xv^_x @\,3ST\ZA B I !!!f!!L"""\#]#^#h###+$o$p$q$$$%=%y%%%%%%*&=&y&&'*'V''''''''((+(2()))***+++!-"-+----[..Q//0e00001B1111111112k2222+3l3334=4l4m4n4o444444 5J5Q5_7`7h7888::::(<}=~==>>>>???+@m@@@ A;A}AAAA BRBBBB;CCCCCCCCCCEEEFFF(H)H1H J JJ'K(K;KKLlLL,MSM\MMM NBNCNXNNNrOOOP9PPPPPPPPQQ1QMQTQ3R4RY_YYYZ[ZZZZZZZZ ['[/[T\U\]\]]] _!_+____````aaaybbacbckcccdCdXd{dddd*eZeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee"f#fi#k$k1k?k\k]kjkkklkmkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkllllll l lllll%l)l*l+l@lPl|l}l~llmmmToUo^opppqqqsssssstAt`tatvtttttt+v,v-v5vwwwwxxxxyyyyzz{H{u{{{{|)|>|N||||}}}}|~}~~~~mno΁&RzÂ]u/Ո1lmn‰Hzˊ -.Pn΋9cƌN܍'qT~ޏ-./Z[/gɑ.fg’Ò()Dlؓ$VƔ ÕĕŕƕǕʕ000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0 0 0000 0 0000000 0 0 0 0 000000000 0 0 0000 0 0 0 0 0 0 00000000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 0 00000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 00000000000000 0 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 0 0 0 0 00000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0  0  0  0  0  0 0 0 0 000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0  0 00000000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 00000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 00000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 00000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 000000000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00p00000000000000000000& 0& 0& 0& 0& 000@0p00000000000000000000000% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 00@0p00000000000000000000000' 0' 0' 0' 0' 0' 0' 00@0p00000000000000000000000000( 0( 0( 0( 0( 0( 00000! 0! 0! 0! 0! 0! 0! 0! 00000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00" 0" 0" 0N" 0" 0" 0" 0" 0" 0" 0" 0 " 0 " 0 0000# 0# 0# 0# 0# 0# 0# 0# 0# 0# 0 000000000$ 0$ 000$ 0$ 000$ 0$ 000$ 0$ 00$ 0$ 0 0p0p0p0 M900HȜM90D A}-G "7#$%)(+,,-.138:c;K<>YChHIJ5MPTUVWZ[z^_abdjjkGmnozZzYOSTVWYZ[]^_abcdfhijlmnpqstvwyz{}~$ _X$'X,/j5:q>{H8M#VZH`vdBkkou#uJutuuuuuuwo~D%PYPRUX\`egkorux|YQ )+^{}F\h#######$)$+$W$m$1+1@1B1p11111111@@ A A-A9A;AfA{A}AAA\MMMMMMMMN N0N@N-XTXeXgXXXXXXXY#Ykcccccccddd6dAdɕXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX8 @" (  HB  C DHB  C DHB   C DHB  @ C DHB  @ C DB S  ? !"@Xɕ \ PPtPt  P Pt \ t t'HI$J"K4"LMN  O"P|"Q\"R"ST?#T>#U$>#V\!W!X!Y !Z ![!\!]!^!_"!`*#aRb)ch"d#!e,!fDdg4h,!il!j\ !k !lb"mb"ni..!"""%%..//s0s0&2??@@DDLLL~V~VVVVo\o\aa aaʕ      !"$#%&33!"""%%..00w0w0,2??@@DDLLLVVVVVv\v\ aaaaʕ  !"$#%&V''*urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttagsplacehttp://www.5iantlavalamp.com/h$$*urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttagsCity0http://www.5iamas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags=*urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags PlaceName=*urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags PlaceType9 *urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttagsStateB&&*urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttagscountry-region '&'$'$'''$'$'$'$''&'&'$'$&'$ '$'$''#-AK6:TU 0;<E  CPS]lw!#13@$&.09;EGPR    B M e s u       " * / 8 C fl #.1<?HKUXf 1@JX19QS#.U[&X^civ(6-9Zf/  % , { !S!W!f!k!{!!!!!!!!""# #a%g%%%%%%% &(&''c'm'q'z'''''((((X)g)x))))**Y*c*y**+"+++,%,,,,,,,,,W-b---M.R....../ /*/b/j/r/x/00Q0Z00000000000W3a3556677O7]7>9K9P9]9^9b9999999#:.:H:L:W:f:::::6;<;;;;;;;;<<<G<N<w=|===>>? ??? @@"@%@Z@a@@@BBCCIIII;KBK)L3LaLeLlLsLLLLLNNO!OPPQQQQQQQQR%RoR{RS SS S,S3SSSDTKTPTSTTTTUUUVV WWW'WnWwWWWYYYY ZZ!Z,ZZZ]\m\o\v\\\]'])]4]?]I]]^^^^^^%^&^/^9^C^M^S^y^^^^^ _E_O_l_{____```F`S```0a8aaaaaaaabbbb$b=b@bybbbb c)ceef f,l0lmmmmmmoooopp q qqqWqaqqqqqqqqqqqrsss^sgstssssss:t@tXt_tbtftuuBvOvvv wwwwwwxx8xJxLxSxmxuxwxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxCyQySycyeytyvyyyyyy,{:{?{G{i{t{{{||*|.|||||}~~~Vb ǁ́@FKQ3>COۅT[|͈Ԉ(0OWzŠDNËߋƌьҌo|ɍύڍQ^0=>IʏӏFRt}ґN^ ƕʕ);4R " XhK[ EXbipq3op/ej3""$$%%6%;%h%j%&&2(`(a(|(}(()))**8*9*X****X+Y++++++W,q,r, -+-{-|-- /8/W3j3334444777&8'88BBCDDEuN{NNNO!O#O/OTQQQQQQQ2RRRS8T]TTTTUUUU1V3V>YKYjYqYYYx[[[[\\\5]6]Y]Z]]^^^__E`F`v`w``bbbbddZeiee f^lnlDmMmGnPnnSoqqtGuHu*v}{~j҇܇ƕʕ3333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333/<<S Q ' 8 Xj$1D Xx@\B I !!"L"h##q$$y%%%%*&=&'2(--/Q/024=4>>K@m@AA(K;KMXNPPUU~VVWWBW\W*Y>Y``JbybDdXd$k?k]kkl[lstz{v{{{Y|oRz΂Ո1Yˊ .Pn/[ɑ)Dؓ$ŕƕʕƕʕcompaq(H*U~޲~!khĴ\:[ T.kc:0NvaKFS $ b:.sv reQn!L' >aqA(|?p-r>H21OY2>/ )J3]Jh7#39DlNc6hkK=ddrh eCjnbHlpWLr4lryrql2sr0YWuhŔ$Tw,A[|0BS^`o(() ^`hH. pLp^p`LhH. @ @ ^@ `hH. ^`hH. L^`LhH. ^`hH. ^`hH. PLP^P`LhH.h  ^ `OJQJo(hHh ^`hH.h pLp^p`LhH.h @ @ ^@ `hH.h ^`hH.h L^`LhH.h ^`hH.h ^`hH.h PLP^P`LhH.h^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHohpp^p`OJQJo(hHh@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHoh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHohPP^P`OJQJo(hHh  ^ `OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHohpp^p`OJQJo(hHh@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHoh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHohPP^P`OJQJo(hH( ^`o(hH.( ^`hH.( L^`LhH.(   ^ `hH.( ee^e`hH.( 5L5^5`LhH.( ^`hH.( ^`hH.( L^`LhH.h 88^8`5hH.h ^`hH.h  L ^ `LhH.h   ^ `hH.h xx^x`hH.h HLH^H`LhH.h ^`hH.h ^`hH.h L^`LhH.^`OJQJo(hH^`OJQJ^Jo(hHopp^p`OJQJo(hH@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hH^`OJQJ^Jo(hHo^`OJQJo(hH^`OJQJo(hH^`OJQJ^Jo(hHoPP^P`OJQJo(hH ^`hH. ^`hH. pLp^p`LhH. @ @ ^@ `hH. ^`hH. L^`LhH. ^`hH. ^`hH. PLP^P`LhH.h ^`hH.h ^`hH.h pLp^p`LhH.h @ @ ^@ `hH.h ^`hH.h L^`LhH.h ^`hH.h ^`hH.h PLP^P`LhH.h ^`hH.h ^`hH.h pLp^p`LhH.h @ @ ^@ `hH.h ^`hH.h L^`LhH.h ^`hH.h ^`hH.h PLP^P`LhH.h ^`5hH.h ^`hH.h pLp^p`LhH.h @ @ ^@ `hH.h ^`hH.h L^`LhH.h ^`hH.h ^`hH.h PLP^P`LhH.h  ^ `OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHoh^`OJQJo(hHh| | ^| `OJQJo(hHhLL^L`OJQJ^Jo(hHoh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHoh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHohpp^p`OJQJo(hHh@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHoh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHohPP^P`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHohpp^p`OJQJo(hHh@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHoh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHohPP^P`OJQJo(hHh ^`hH.h ^`hH.h pLp^p`LhH.h @ @ ^@ `hH.h ^`hH.h L^`LhH.h ^`hH.h ^`hH.h PLP^P`LhH.^`OJQJo(hH^`OJQJ^Jo(hHopp^p`OJQJo(hH@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hH^`OJQJ^Jo(hHo^`OJQJo(hH^`OJQJo(hH^`OJQJ^Jo(hHoPP^P`OJQJo(hHh  ^ `OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHoh^`OJQJo(hHh| | ^| `OJQJo(hHhLL^L`OJQJ^Jo(hHoh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHoh^`OJQJo(hH808^8`06o(() ^`hH. pLp^p`LhH. @ @ ^@ `hH. ^`hH. L^`LhH. ^`hH. ^`hH. PLP^P`LhH.( @@^@`o(hH.( ^`hH.( pLp^p`LhH.( @ @ ^@ `hH.( ^`hH.( L^`LhH.( ^`hH.( ^`hH.( PLP^P`LhH.h^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHohpp^p`OJQJo(hHh@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHoh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHohPP^P`OJQJo(hH^`OJQJo(hH^`OJQJ^Jo(hHopp^p`OJQJo(hH@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hH^`OJQJ^Jo(hHo^`OJQJo(hH^`OJQJo(hH^`OJQJ^Jo(hHoPP^P`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHohpp^p`OJQJo(hHh@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHoh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHohPP^P`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHohpp^p`OJQJo(hHh@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHoh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHohPP^P`OJQJo(hHh ^`5hH.^`o(()h $ $ ^$ `5hH.h @ @ ^@ `hH.h ^`hH.h L^`LhH.h ^`hH.h ^`hH.h PLP^P`LhH.h ^`hH.h ^`hH.h pLp^p`LhH.h @ @ ^@ `hH.h ^`hH.h L^`LhH.h ^`hH.h ^`hH.h PLP^P`LhH.^`o(()h ^`o(hH. pLp^p`LhH. @ @ ^@ `hH. ^`hH. L^`LhH. ^`hH. ^`hH. PLP^P`LhH.h^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHohpp^p`OJQJo(hHh@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHoh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHohPP^P`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHohpp^p`OJQJo(hHh@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHoh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHohPP^P`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHohpp^p`OJQJo(hHh@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHoh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHohPP^P`OJQJo(hHh  ^ `OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHoh^`OJQJo(hHh| | ^| `OJQJo(hHhLL^L`OJQJ^Jo(hHoh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHoh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHohpp^p`OJQJo(hHh@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHoh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHohPP^P`OJQJo(hHh ^`hH.h ^`hH.h pLp^p`LhH.h @ @ ^@ `hH.h ^`hH.h L^`LhH.h ^`hH.h ^`hH.h PLP^P`LhH.( @@^@`o(hH.( xx^x`hH.( H LH ^H `LhH.(   ^ `hH.( ^`hH.( L^`LhH.( ^`hH.( XX^X`hH.( (L(^(`LhH.( @@^@`o(hH.( xx^x`hH.( H LH ^H `LhH.(   ^ `hH.( ^`hH.( L^`LhH.( ^`hH.( XX^X`hH.( (L(^(`LhH.h ^`hH.h ^`hH.h pLp^p`LhH.h @ @ ^@ `hH.h ^`hH.h L^`LhH.h ^`hH.h ^`hH.h PLP^P`LhH.uu^u`o(() ^`hH. pLp^p`LhH. @ @ ^@ `hH. ^`hH. L^`LhH. ^`hH. ^`hH. PLP^P`LhH.h ^`hH.h ^`hH.h pLp^p`LhH.h @ @ ^@ `hH.h ^`hH.h L^`LhH.h ^`hH.h ^`hH.h PLP^P`LhH.h^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHohpp^p`OJQJo(hHh@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHoh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHohPP^P`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHohpp^p`OJQJo(hHh@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHoh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHohPP^P`OJQJo(hH808^8`0o(() ^`hH. pLp^p`LhH. @ @ ^@ `hH. ^`hH. L^`LhH. ^`hH. ^`hH. PLP^P`LhH.(Jh7[|qA(TwL' GNc:[ h:Ukc:on8lZ J3$J@H*UyrqPK=db4l>H2^LO!khp-2sbZFOY2*Vl<3XYWueQn!GwHKsv  evbHl39((|                                   *pR        WR                                            WR                                                              wX        *pR                                            WR tWR               nx                                                     *pR        *pR                                                    z        Ba-R_7%vr=lT Vy (Ce"=eo/XdiE:D |!X"%/#J2$A'?(,[N-q-}q/z2]k347J;a<$B=P=]S@dW@'!AEB&eD3E FFXH\Jr NQ\Q gR#SXMTnBU/Y$ZCbZ[n[\b`ta! bMb ecDefHeHe%hXiHn3p:qaqj_wX@xUyJ|})}~J~<nB56N 0=CRp`"D0{*6A Rp#;%6 MP^`V&` ^3tb]3R0U}P>&~0l7EL4Snk#4LA'e:Y <@| 2SMBb^0bry_h % CAtW=0|PN$)a+$k1k?k\k]kjkkklkmkkkkkkkkkkkkkllllll l lllll%l)l*l+lʕ@4II$ɕ@@@@@@@@UnknownGz Times New Roman5Symbol3& z ArialUF Cataneo BTCourier New;Wingdings?5 z Courier New"qhp[fƭ_ZlLZlL!24dzz 3QHX(?nDept of Botanycompaq(                           ! " # $ % & ' Oh+'0p   , 8 DPX`hssDept of Botanyept Normal.dotacompaqd173Microsoft Word 10.0@T@C@,|@Zl՜.+,D՜.+,< hp  St.Aloysius CollegeLzA  Title@  8@ _PID_HLINKSA 5!Zhttp://www.ou.edu/n(Whttp://www.elsvier.com/BThttp://www.hu-berlin.de/~9Qhttp://www.bizrate.com/TBNhttp://www.biodirectory.com/7(Khttp://www.sciencemag.org/7-Hhttp://www.studystack.com/DEhttp://www.sp.uconn.edu/%4Bhttp://www.nci.edu.org/h0?http://www.mathepi.com/JT<http://www.sph.umich.edu/@9http://www.wpic.pitt.in/=16http://www.isihighlycited.com/NL3http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/a10http://www.ams.org/_-http://www.amazon.co.uk/y5*http://www.his.ulas.edu.au/jd'http://www.mun.ca/xi$ http://www.biochemistry.iu.edu/ B!http://www.biochem.wisc.edu/PEhttp://www.mansfield.osu.edu/p'http://www.bibl.biol.lu.se/ZKhttp://www.rockwoodk12.mo.us/?+http://www.naexamhelp.com/PEhttp://www.mansfield.osu.edu/p'http://www.bibl.biol.lu.se/ZK http://www.rockwoodk12.mo.us/y> http://www.micro.msb.le.ac.uk/@Z%http://www.mycology.adelaide.edu.au/ C"http://www.microbiologybytes.com/r<http://www.bio.net/  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@BCDEFGHJKLMNOPURoot Entry F<WData 1TableWordDocument(ZSummaryInformation(ADocumentSummaryInformation8ICompObjj  FMicrosoft Word Document MSWordDocWord.Document.89q